Chapter 21: Parsing
Day one: Parsing
- You have covered many verbs and nouns, and you understand that each can be parsed in different ways. Parsing refers to the ways verbs and nouns take different forms.
- Nouns: case - number - gender - original form (also called “lexical form”) - meaning
- Verbs: person - number - tense - voice - mood - lexical form - meaning
- For example:
- Noun: ἀδελφόν accusative - singular - masculine - ἀδελφός brother
- Verb: ἔχομεν first person - plural - present - active - indicative - ἔχω we have
- You have learned the phrase “Present Active Indicative.”
- It refers to three different parts of a verb: tense (present), voice (active), and mood (indicative).
- These will be discussed in more detail in the future.
- To better understand how nouns and verbs work, practice parsing each noun and verb in a sentence. You have already been doing this mentally, but it will also be helpful to do it on paper.
Day two: New word: I bear, I bring
- φέρω
- Pronounced like this: fe (like in “fell”) - row.
Day three: New word: disciple
- μαθητής, ὁ
- Pronounced like this: ma (short a) - thay - tays.
- This is a masculine noun with feminine endings.
Day four: New word: house, household
- οἶκος, ὁ
- Pronounced like this: oi - kos (short o).
- This is a masculine noun.
Day five: New word: law
- νόμος, ὁ
- Pronounced like this: vom (short o) - os (short o).
- This is a masculine noun.
Day six: Parse the following words
Hint: Divide the word into the noun or verb stem and then the ending.
- ἀγάπας
- ἀδελφῷ
- ἂγγελοι
- ἀκούουσι
- ἂνθρωπους
- ἂρτων
- βασιλείας
- βλέπω
- γινώσκει
- γλῶσσαν
- Nouns: case - number - gender - original form (lexical form) - meaning
- Verbs: person - number - tense - voice - mood - lexical form - meaning
Answers
- Accusative - plural - feminine - ἀγάπη loves
- Dative/Locative/Instrumental - singular - masculine - ἀδελφός brother
- Nominative - plural - masculine - ἂγγελος messengers/angels
- Third person - plural - present - active - indicative - ἀκούω they hear
- Accusative - plural - masculine - ἂνθρωπος men/humans
- Genitive/Ablative - plural - masculine - ἂρτος bread
- This is a trick question because it can have two answers (see the second chart at the top of week 20):
- Genitive/Ablative - singular - feminine - βασιλεία kingdom
- Accusative - plural - feminine - βασιλεία kingdoms
- First person - singular - present - active - indicative - βλέπω I see
- Third person - singular - present - active - indicative - γινώσκω he/she knows
- Accusative - singular - feminine - γλῶσσα tongue
What you have learned so far
1. Present Active Indicative endings
| PIA | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| first person | ἔχωI have I am having | ἔχομενwe have we are having |
| second person | ἔχειςyou (singular) have you are having | ἔχετεyou (plural) have you are having |
| third person | ἔχειhe/she/it has he/she/it is having | ἔχουσι(ν)they have they are having |
| infinitive | ἔχεινto have |
2. Present active indicative of εἰμί
| PIA | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| first person | εἰμίI am | ἐσμένwe are |
| second person | εἶyou (singular) are | ἐστέyou (plural) are |
| third person | ἐστί(ν)he/she/it is | εἰσί(ν)they are |
| infinitive | εἶναιto be |
3. Masculine definite article: The endings of nouns will be similar
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ | οἱ | the |
| Genitive/Ablative | τοῦ | τῶν | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental | τῷ | τοῖς | to/in/with the |
| Accusative | τόν | τούς | the |
4. Neuter definite article: The endings of nouns will be similar
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (N) | τό | τά | the |
| Genitive/Ablative (G/A) | τοῦ (same as masculine) | τῶν (same as masculine) | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental (D/L/I) | τῷ (same as masculine) | τοῖς (same as masculine) | to/in/with the |
| Accusative (A) | τό (same as nominative) | τά (same as nominative) | the |
5. Feminine definite article: The endings of nouns will be similar
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (N) | ἡ | αἱ | the |
| Genitive/Ablative (G/A) | τῆς | τῶν | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental (D/L/I) | τῇ | ταῖς | to/in/with the |
| Accusative (A) | τήν | τάς | the |
6. First Declension endings: Feminine
| Case | Singular | Translation | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | ἀγάπη | love | ἀγάπαι | loves |
| G/A | ἀγάπης | of/from love | ἀγάπηων | of/from loves |
| D/L/I | ἀγάπῃ | to/in/with love | ἀγάπαις | to/in/with loves |
| A | ἀγάπην | love | ἀγάπας | loves |
7. Second Declension Endings: Masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| N | ἂνθρωπος | ἂνθροποι (same ending as the definite article) |
| G/A | ἀνθρώπου | ἀνθρώπων (same ending as the definite article) |
| D/L/I | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἀνθρώποις (same ending as the definite article) |
| A | ἂνθρωπον | ἀνθρώπους (same ending as the definite article) |
8. Second Declension Endings: Neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| N | ἱερόν | ἱερά |
| G/A | ἱεροῦ | ἱερῶν |
| D/L/I | ἱερῷ | ἱεροῖς |
| A | ἱερόν | ἱερά |
Vocabulary
| Greek | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ἀγάπη, ἡ | love |
| ἀδελφός, ὁ | brother |
| ἂγγελος, ὁ | messenger, angel |
| ἀκούω | I hear |
| ἂνθρωπος, ὁ | man/human/person/human being |
| ἀπο | (ablative) from, away from |
| ἂρτος, ὁ | bread, loaf |
| βασιλεία, ἡ | kingdom |
| βλέπω | I see |
| γινώσκω | I know |
| γλῶσσα, ἡ | tongue |
| γράφω | I write |
| δέ | but, and, now |
| διά | (genitive) through, by (accusative) because of |
| διδάσκω | I teach |
| δοῦλος, ὁ | servant/slave |
| δῶρον, τό | gift |
| εἰμί | I am |
| εἰς | (accusative) into, in, to |
| ἐκ | (genitive/ablative) out of |
| ἐκκλησία, ἡ | church, assembly |
| ἐν | (dative/locative/instrumental) in, at, on, with |
| εὑρίσκω | I find |
| ἒχω | I have |
| ἢ | or |
| ἡμέρα, ἡ | day |
| θέλω | I wish, will |
| θεός, ὁ | God |
| ἱερόν, τό | temple |
| Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
| ἰχθύς, ὁ | fish |
| καί | and, also, even καί . . . καί . . . = both . . . and . . . |
| καρπός, ὁ | fruit |
| κρίνω | I judge |
| λαμβάνω | I take, receive |
| λέγω | I say or I speak |
| λόγος, ὁ | word |
| μαθητής, ὁ | disciple |
| νόμος, ὁ | law |
| οἶκος, ὁ | house, household |
| ὂχλος, ὁ | crowd |
| οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ | not before a consonant, before smooth breathing, before rough breathing |
| παραβολή, ἡ | parable |
| πατήρ, ὁ | father |
| πέμπω | I send |
| πρός | (g/a) for, for the sake of (d/l/i) at, on, near (accusative) toward, with, at |
| προφήτης, ὁ | prophet |
| σύν | (d/l/i) with, together with |
| σωτήρ, ὁ | savior |
| τέκνον, τό | child |
| υἱός, ὁ | son |
| φέρω | I bring, bear |
| Χριστός, ὁ | Christ |
© 2024 Mark Nickens