Day One: Reminder about First Declension endings

• First Declension endings change with the ending of the noun.
• If the noun ends with eta, it will use eta in all singular endings.

• If the noun stem ends with ε, ι, or ρ then alpha, it will use alpha in all singular endings.

• Note that the plural endings stay the same.
• If the noun stem ends with σ, λλ, ζ, ξ, or ψ then alpha, it will be irregular in the singular endings.

Do not be confused by this. For the singular endings all you need to remember is:

The plural endings will always be the same.

Day Two: New word: parable

• παραβολή, ἡ
• Pronounced like this: pa (short “a”) - ra (short “a”) - bow - lay.
• Female noun: This means it is First Declension.
  • Second Declension nouns are usually masculine or neuter.

Day Three: New word: church, assembly

• ἐκκλησία, ἡ
• Pronounced like this: ek (like the eck in “deck”) - lay - si (like in “sin”) - a (short “a”).
• Female noun: This means it is First Declension.

Day Four: New word: crowd

• ὂχλος, ὁ
• Pronounced like this: ok (like the ock in “mock”) - los (like “floss” with no “f”).
• Male noun: This means it is Second Declension.

Day Five: More on εἰμί

• First: It never takes a direct object but instead takes a complement. The word that might appear to be the direct object (and take the accusative case) will take the nominative case.
• With εἰμί, the two nouns on either side are the same, so this is known as a complement. For example, “I am a professor.” Professor tells something about me and is the complement of me.
• A Greek example: Ἰησοῦς ἐστίν ὁ υἱός Θεοῦ. Jesus is the son of God.
• ὁ υἱός would appear to need the accusative case, but εἰμί takes a complement and not a direct object, so it is in the nominative case.
• Second: You do not need to use the verb to have the same meaning. For example, Ὁ Θεός ἐστίν ἀγάπη means “God is love,” just like Ὁ Θεός ἀγάπη means “God is love.”

Day Six: Weekly Exercises

1. Ἰησοῦς ἐστίν ὁ σωτήρ ἂνθρωπων.
2. 1b. Ἰησοῦς ὁ σωτήρ ἂνθρωπων.
3. 1c. Ὁ σωτήρ ἂνθρωπων Ἰησοῦς.
4. 1d. Ὁ σωτήρ ἂνθρωπων ἐστίν Ἰησοῦς.
2. Ὁ ἐκκλησία πέμπει προφήτην σύν παραβολῇ πρός τόν ἀδελφόν.
3. Ὁ ὂχλος βλέπει Ἰησοῦν σύν ἂρτους καί ἰχθύας.
   • ἰχθύς is a third declension noun; you will learn the endings in several weeks. Here it is dative/locative/instrumental singular.
4. Θέλομεν δέ βλέμειν καί Χριστόν καί ἂγγελους ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ Θεοῦ.
5. Σύν τῇ γλῶσσᾳ ὁ πατήρ διδάσκει τά τέκνα ἐν τῷ ἰερῷ.
6. Τό δῶρον Θεοῦ ἀγάπη πρός ἂνθροπων.
7. Οὐ ἀκούετε λόγον ἀπο τοῦ υἰοῦ.
8. Γινώσκεις καί γράφεις τόν δοῦλον.
9. Ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ Θεοῦ εὑρίσκουσι τούς προφήτας εἰς τάς ἐκκλησίας.
10. Οὐκ ἒχομεν ἂρτον ἢ καρπόν ἒχομεν δέ ἀγάπην.

Answers

1. Jesus is the savior of people. Or: The savior of people is Jesus.
2. 1b. Jesus is the savior of people. Or: The savior of people is Jesus.
3. 1c. Jesus is the savior of people. Or: The savior of people is Jesus.
4. 1d. Jesus is the savior of people. Or: The savior of people is Jesus.
   • Word order is not important; noun endings identify the nominative, accusative (direct object), and other cases.
   • Since εἰμί does not take a direct object and need not appear in a sentence, all these combinations are possible.
2. The church sends a prophet with a parable toward the brother.
   • Even though ἐκκλησία involves more than one person, it takes a singular ending when only one church is described.
3. The crowd sees Jesus with bread and fishes.
4. But we wish to see both Christ and angels in the kingdom of God.
5. With the tongue the father teaches the children in the temple. (You can also use “Temple.”)
6. The gift of God is love for people.
   • εἰμί does not have to be included. For example, Ὁ Θεός ἀγάπη: God is love.
7. You (plural) do not hear a word from the son.
8. You know and you write the servant.
9. In the day of God, they find the prophets in the churches.
   • προφήτης, ὁ uses a masculine article and feminine noun.
10. We do not have bread or fruit, but we do have love.

What you have learned so far

1. Present Active Indicative endings

2. Present active indicative of εἰμί

3. Masculine definite article

4. Neuter definite article

5. Feminine definite article

6. First Declension endings: Feminine

7. Second Declension Endings: Masculine

8. Second Declension Endings: Neuter

Vocabulary