Week 18: Prepositions part 2
Day 1: New word: out of
- ἐκ (when used before a word that starts with a vowel, it is ἐξ)
- Pronounced like this: ek (like the "ech" in echo)
- ἐξ is also pronounced like this: x
- This preposition takes the genitive/ablative case ending.
Day 2: New word: in, at, on, with
- ἐν
- Pronounced like this: in (like the "in" in begin)
- This preposition takes the dative/locative/instrumental case ending.
Day 3: New word: "for, for the sake of," "at, on, near," or "toward, with, at"
- πρός
- Pronounced like this: pros (like in prosper)
- This preposition takes three different cases:
- When the following word is in the genitive case it means "for, for the sake of."
- When the following word is in the dative/locative/instrumental case it means "at, on, near."
- When the following word is in the accusative case it means "toward, with, at."
Day 4: New word: with, together with
- σύν
- Pronounced like this: soon
- This preposition takes the instrumental case.
Day 5: New phrase: both . . . and . . .
- καί . . . καί . . .
- Example:
- καί ἰχθύς καί τέκνον both a fish and a child
Day 6: Weekly Exercises
1. Καί ἂγγελος καί δοῦλος λεγούσι λόγους ἀγάπης.
2. Ὁ πατήρ πέμπει τό τέκνον ἐκ τοῦ ἰεροῦ.
3. Πρός Θεού, γράφομεν εἰς τήν βασιλείαν.
4. Βλέπεις ἀδελφόν ἐν τῷ δωρῷ.
5. Διδάσκω είς τήν βασιλείαν.
6. Χριστός πέμπει ἂνθρωπους ἀπο τής βασιλείας.
7. Ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ βλέπετε Ἱησοῦν.
8. Λέγω σύν τῇ γλῶσσᾳ Θεού.
9. Ὁ προφήτης οὐ γινώσκει τόν υἱόν.
10. Ἒχω ἰχθύν ἢ καρπόν.
Answers
1. Both a messenger/angel and a servant/slave speak words of love.
2. The father sends the child out of the temple.
3. For the sake of God, we write to the kingdom.
- "God" is in the genitive.
4. You (singular) see a brother with the gift.
- With the preposition you have a choice of "in, at, on, with." The best choice is "with."
5. I teach in the kingdom.
6. Christ sends people away from the kingdom.
7. In the day you (plural) see Jesus.
8. I speak with the tongue of God.
9. The prophet does not know the son.
10. I have fish or fruit.
What you have learned so far
1. Present Active Indicative endings
| PIA | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| first person |
ἔχωI have I am having |
ἔχομενwe have we are having |
| second person |
ἔχειςyou (singular) have you are having |
ἔχετεyou (plural) have you are having |
| third person |
ἔχειhe/she/it has he/she/it is having |
ἔχουσι(ν)they have they are having |
| infinitive => ἔχεινto have |
2. Present active indicative of εἰμί.
| PIA | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| first person |
εἰμίI am | ἐσμένwe are |
| second person |
εἶyou (singular) are | ἐστέyou (plural) are |
| third person |
ἐστί(ν)he/she/it is | εἰσί(ν)they are |
| infinitive => εἶναιto be |
3. Masculine definite article: The endings of nouns will be similar
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ | οἱ | the |
| Genitive/Ablative | τοῦ | τῶν | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental | τῷ | τοῖς | to/in/with the |
| Accusative | τόν | τούς | the |
4. Neuter definite article: The endings of nouns will be similar
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative N | τό | τά | the |
| Genitive/Ablative G/A | τοῦ(same as masculine) | τῶν(same as masculine) | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental D/L/I | τῷ(same as masculine) | τοῖς(same as masculine) | to/in/with the |
| Accusative A | τό(same as nominative) | τά(same as nominative) | the |
5. Feminine definite article: the endings of nouns will be similar.
| Case | Singular | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative N | ἡ | αἱ | the |
| Genitive/Ablative G/A | τῆς | τῶν | of/from the |
| Dative/Locative/Instrumental D/L/I | τῇ | ταῖς | to/in/with the |
| Accusative A | τήν | τάς | the |
6. First Declension endings: Feminine
| Case | Singular | Translation | Plural | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | ἀγάπη | love | ἀγάπαι | loves |
| G/A | ἀγάπης | of/from love | ἀγάπηων | of/from loves |
| D/L/I | ἀγάπῃ | to/in/with love | ἀγάπαις | to/in/with loves |
| A | ἀγάπην | love | ἀγάπας | loves |
7. Second Declension Endings: Masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| N | ἂνθρωπος | ἂνθροποι(same ending as the definite article) |
| G/A | ἀνθρώπου | ἀνθρώπων(same ending as the definite article) |
| D/L/I | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἀνθρώποις(same ending as the definite article) |
| A | ἂνθρωπον | ἀνθρώπους(same ending as the definite article) |
8. Second Declension Endings: Neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| N | ἱερόν | ἱερά |
| G/A | ἱεροῦ | ἱερῶν |
| D/L/I | ἱερῷ | ἱεροῖς |
| A | ἱερόν | ἱερά |
Vocabulary
| ἀγάπη, ἡ | love |
| ἀδελφός, ὁ | brother |
| ἂγγελος, ὁ | messenger, angel |
| ἀκούω | I hear |
| ἂνθρωπος, ὁ | man/human/person/human being |
| ἀπο | (ablative) from, away from |
| βασιλεία, ἡ | kingdom |
| βλέπω | I see |
| γινώσκω | I know |
| γλῶσσα, ἡ | tongue |
| γράφω | I write |
| διά | (genitive) through, by (accusative) because of |
| διδάσκω | I teach |
| δοῦλος, ὁ | servant/slave |
| δῶρον, τό | gift |
| εἰμί | I am |
| εἰς | (accusative) into, in, to |
| ἐκ, ἐξ | (genitive/ablative) out of |
| ἐν | (dative/locative/instrumental) in, at, on, with |
| ἒχω | I have |
| ἢ | or |
| ἡμέρα, ἡ | day |
| θεός, ὁ | God |
| ἱερόν, τό | temple |
| Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
| ἰχθύς, ὁ | fish |
| καί | and |
| καί . . . καί . . . | both . . . and . . . |
| καρπός, ὁ | fruit |
| κρίνω | I judge |
| λαμβάνω | I take, receive |
| λέγω | I say or I speak |
| λόγος, ὁ | word |
| οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ | not before a consonant, before smooth breathing, before rough breathing |
| πατήρ, ὁ | father |
| πέμπω | I send |
| πρός | (genitive/ablative) for, for the sake of (dative/locative/instrumental) at, on, near (accusative) toward, with, at |
| προφήτης, ὁ | prophet |
| σύν | (dative/locative/instrumental) with, together with |
| σωτήρ, ὁ | savior |
| τέκνον, τό | child |
| υἱός, ὁ | son |
| Χριστός, ὁ | Christ |
© 2024 Mark Nickens